321–322; Longford, pp. With a reign of 63 years, seven months and two days, Victoria was the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history until her great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II surpassed her on 9 September 2015. "[34] Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again. 94–96; Marshall, pp. [49] At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as "Mrs. In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria married her first cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. 150–156; Marshall, p. 87; St Aubyn, pp. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French monarch since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. Victoria was love-struck. This was the happiest day of my life! [224] In 1867, Walter Bagehot wrote that the monarch only retained "the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn". [136] In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an abscess in her arm, which Joseph Lister successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic carbolic acid spray. [43] Victoria believed the rumours. Queen Victoria's family nickname was 'Drina'. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. 257–258, Hibbert, pp. [27] According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. She is best friends with Nathan Prescott, Taylor Christensen, and Courtney Wagner. Victoria (1819-1901) was queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837â1901) and empress of India (1876â1901). [16] William compared the journeys to royal progresses and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heir presumptive. [121] Her weight increased through comfort eating, which further reinforced her aversion to public appearances. 265–267; St Aubyn, p. 318; Woodham-Smith, pp. 43–49; Woodham-Smith, p. 117, Victoria quoted in Marshall, p. 27 and Weintraub, p. 49, Victoria quoted in Hibbert, p. 99; St Aubyn, p. 43; Weintraub, p. 49 and Woodham-Smith, p. 119, Hibbert, p. 102; Marshall, p. 60; Waller, p. 363; Weintraub, p. 51; Woodham-Smith, p. 122, Waller, pp. 425–426, Hibbert, p. 444; St Aubyn, p. 424; Waller, p. 413, Waller, p. 433; see also Hibbert, pp. 206–207, 211; St Aubyn, pp. Many Tories—by then known also as Conservatives—were opposed to the repeal, but Peel, some Tories (the "Peelites"), most Whigs and Victoria supported it. [54] When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking [sic] alternative". [17] Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. [164], On 17 March 1883, Victoria fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter. 238, 241; Woodham-Smith, pp. [47] Conroy, the Hastings family, and the opposition Tories organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. 80–81; Longford, pp. Victoria's father died in January 1820, when Victoria was less than a year old. [89] At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House,[90] a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. [112] To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief,[113] Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. [153] In May 1879, she became a great-grandmother (on the birth of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen) and passed her "poor old 60th birthday". In Scotland, the first and fourth quarters are occupied by the Scottish lion, and the second by the English lions. [87] When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (the fourth son of King George III), and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. [48] When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. 1853) and Beatrice (b. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plainclothes policemen, and convicted of high treason. [124] Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public. 1857). The eldest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, little Victoria â or âVickyâ, as her family called her â was born 21 November 1840. 160–161, Hibbert, p. 130; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 122; St Aubyn, p. 159; Woodham-Smith, p. 220, Hibbert, p. 149; Longford, p. 154; Marshall, p. 123; Waller, p. 377, Hibbert, pp. [26] Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. 341–342; Woodham-Smith, pp. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see. "Oh, God! Victoria thought he had "little heart or Zartgefühl [tact] – and ... his conscience & intelligence have been completely wharped [sic]". Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the Queen of the United Kingdom, and the other Commonwealth realms.. She became Queen when her father, King George VI, died on 6 February 1952.Since 9 September 2015, Elizabeth II has ruled longer than any other king or queen in the history of the United Kingdom. [176] By this time, Victoria was once again extremely popular. The assailant escaped; however the following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. [133] Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone, was appointed prime minister. Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent, earning Victoria the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe" and spreading haemophilia in European royalty. [37] Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one", and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. 1850), Leopold (b. MY DEAREST DEAREST DEAR Albert ... his excessive love & affection gave me feelings of heavenly love & happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before! 191–193, Hibbert, p. 374; Longford, p. 491; Marshall, p. 196; St Aubyn, pp. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. Victoria's favorite pet growing up was her dog, a King Charles spaniel named Dash. 343–344; Longford, p. 389; Marshall, p. 173, Hibbert, p. 345; Longford, pp. [8] Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John Conroy, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. 303–304; Waller, pp. [92] Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.[93]. [104] The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. The crests, mottoes, and supporters also differ in and outside Scotland. Longford, pp. Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. Her mother, Barbara Ward (Morris), and stepfather, both vaudeville performers, discovered her freakish but undeniably lovely four-octave singing voice and immediately got her a singing career. [32], Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. [59] Victoria's mother was evicted from the palace, to Ingestre House in Belgrave Square. Being Queen Victoria was a pretty sweet deal, what with all the wealth, power, palaces, and devoted subjects across an empire. Victoria noted the coincidence of the dates as "almost incredible and most mysterious". Brown". 363–364; Weintraub, pp. [144], After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen. 103–104; Marshall, pp. 68–69, 91, Hibbert, p. 18; Longford, p. 31; Woodham-Smith, pp. Victoria and Albert's hopes of a liberal Germany would go unfulfilled, as Wilhelm was a firm believer in autocracy. 196–197; St Aubyn, p. 223; Woodham-Smith, pp. 5. She agreed to visit the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington and take a drive through London in an open carriage. [195] By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. She was named after Queen Victoriaâs favourite, and youngest, child, Princess Beatrice, who was born 20 years into the monarchâs marriage with Prince Albert. 129–132; Weintraub, pp. Around the world, places and memorials are dedicated to her, especially in the Commonwealth nations. [187] In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. [98] Her funeral was held on Saturday 2 February, in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in the Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore, at Windsor Great Park.[208]. [122], Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. Her arms have been borne by all of her successors on the throne. "[183] Victoria dismissed their complaints as racial prejudice. She marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. [46] At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to an intimate medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchère to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. She felt "aged" by "the loss of my beloved child". [131] Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by Benjamin Disraeli, who charmed Victoria. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them. Victoria's links with Europe's royal families earned her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". Hibbert, pp. [149] She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. [173] Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. 61–62; Longford, pp. Known as the Victorian era, her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors. 245–246; St Aubyn, p. 297; Woodham-Smith, pp. According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The queen⦠He was soon promoted to "Munshi": teaching her Urdu (known as Hindustani) and acting as a clerk. The procession paused for an open-air service of thanksgiving held outside St Paul's Cathedral, throughout which Victoria sat in her open carriage, to avoid her having to climb the steps to enter the building. Hibbert, p. 352; Strachey, p. 304; Woodham-Smith, p. 431, Example from a letter written by lady-in-waiting Marie Mallet née Adeane, quoted in Hibbert, p. 471, St Aubyn, pp. 388–389, Hibbert, p. 427; Marshall, p. 176; St Aubyn, p. 389, Hibbert, pp. [120] Her seclusion earned her the nickname "widow of Windsor". She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father's three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead. [95] Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. Bidding Adieu to the âFirst Nameâ Queen Victoria. [150] Disraeli also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876.
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